662 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
662 lines
28 KiB
Plaintext
Download & Unpack
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ImageMagick builds on a variety of Unix and Unix-like operating systems
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including Linux, Solaris, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, and others. A compiler is
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required and fortunately almost all modern Unix systems have one. Download
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ImageMagick.tar.gz from ftp.imagemagick.org or its mirrors and verify the
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distribution against its message digest.
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Unpack the distribution with this command:
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$magick> tar xvfz ImageMagick.tar.gz
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Now that you have the ImageMagick Unix/Linux source distribution unpacked,
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let's configure it.
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Configure
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The configure script looks at your environment and decides what it can cobble
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together to get ImageMagick compiled and installed on your system. This
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includes finding a compiler, where your compiler header files are located
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(e.g. stdlib.h), and if any delegate libraries are available for ImageMagick
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to use (e.g. JPEG, PNG, TIFF, etc.). If you are willing to accept configure's
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default options, and build from within the source directory, you can simply
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type:
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$magick> cd ImageMagick-7.0.9
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$magick> ./configure
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Watch the configure script output to verify that it finds everything that
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you think it should. Pay particular attention to the last lines of the script
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output. For example, here is a recent report from our system:
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ImageMagick is configured as follows. Please verify that this configuration
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matches your expectations.
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Host system type: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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Build system type: x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu
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Option Value
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----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Shared libraries --enable-shared=yes yes
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Static libraries --enable-static=yes yes
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Module support --with-modules=yes yes
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GNU ld --with-gnu-ld=yes yes
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Quantum depth --with-quantum-depth=16 16
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High Dynamic Range Imagery
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--enable-hdri=no no
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Delegate Configuration:
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BZLIB --with-bzlib=yes yes
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Autotrace --with-autotrace=yes yes
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DJVU --with-djvu=yes no
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DPS --with-dps=yes no
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FlashPIX --with-fpx=yes no
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FontConfig --with-fontconfig=yes yes
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FreeType --with-freetype=yes yes
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GhostPCL None pcl6 (unknown)
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GhostXPS None gxps (unknown)
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Ghostscript None gs (8.63)
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result_ghostscript_font_dir='none'
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Ghostscript fonts --with-gs-font-dir=default
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Ghostscript lib --with-gslib=yes no (failed tests)
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Graphviz --with-gvc=yes yes
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JBIG --with-jbig= no
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JPEG v1 --with-jpeg=yes yes
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JPEG-2000 --with-jp2=yes yes
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LCMS v1 --with-lcms=yes yes
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LCMS v2 --with-lcms2=yes yes
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LQR --with-lqr=yes no
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Magick++ --with-magick-plus-plus=yes yes
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OpenEXR --with-openexr=yes yes
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PERL --with-perl=yes /usr/bin/perl
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PNG --with-png=yes yes
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RSVG --with-rsvg=yes yes
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TIFF --with-tiff=yes yes
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result_windows_font_dir='none'
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Windows fonts --with-windows-font-dir=
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WMF --with-wmf=yes yes
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X11 --with-x= yes
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XML --with-xml=yes yes
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ZLIB --with-zlib=yes yes
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X11 Configuration:
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X_CFLAGS =
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X_PRE_LIBS = -lSM -lICE
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X_LIBS =
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X_EXTRA_LIBS =
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Options used to compile and link:
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PREFIX = /usr/local
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EXEC-PREFIX = /usr/local
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VERSION = 6.4.8
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CC = gcc -std=gnu99
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CFLAGS = -fopenmp -g -O2 -Wall -W -pthread
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MAGICK_CFLAGS = -fopenmp -g -O2 -Wall -W -pthread
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CPPFLAGS = -I/usr/local/include/ImageMagick
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PCFLAGS = -fopenmp
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DEFS = -DHAVE_CONFIG_H
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LDFLAGS = -lfreetype
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MAGICK_LDFLAGS = -L/usr/local/lib -lfreetype
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LIBS = -lMagickCore -llcms -ltiff -lfreetype -ljpeg
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-lfontconfig -lXext -lSM -lICE -lX11 -lXt -lbz2 -lz
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-lm -lgomp -lpthread -lltdl
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CXX = g++
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CXXFLAGS = -g -O2 -Wall -W -pthread
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You can influence the choice of compiler, compilation flags, or libraries of the
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configure script by setting initial values for variables in the configure
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command line. These include, among others:
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CC
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Name of C compiler (e.g. cc -Xa) to use.
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CXX
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Name of C++ compiler to use (e.g. CC).
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CFLAGS
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Compiler flags (e.g. -g -O2) to compile C code.
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CXXFLAGS
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Compiler flags (e.g. -g -O2) to compile C++ code.
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CPPFLAGS
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Include paths (.e.g. -I/usr/local) to look for header files.
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LDFLAGS
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Library paths (.e.g. -L/usr/local) to look for libraries systems that
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support the notion of a library run-path may require an additional
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argument in order to find shared libraries at run time. For example,
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the Solaris linker requires an argument of the form -R/path. Some
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Linux systems will work with -rpath /usr/local/lib, while some other
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Linux systems who's gcc does not pass -rpath to the linker require
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an argument of the form -Wl,-rpath,/usr/local/lib.
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LIBS
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Extra libraries (.e.g. -l/usr/local/lib) required to link.
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Here is an example of setting configure variables from the command line:
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$magick> ./configure CC=c99 CFLAGS=-O2 LIBS=-lposix
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Any variable (e.g. CPPFLAGS or LDFLAGS) which requires a directory path must
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specify an absolute path rather than a relative path.
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Configure can usually find the X include and library files automagically,
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but if it doesn't, you can use the --x-includes=path and --x-libraries=path
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options to specify their locations.
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The configure script provides a number of ImageMagick specific
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options. When disabling an option --disable-something is equivalent to
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specifying --enable-something=no and --without-something is equivalent to
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--with-something=no. The configure options are as follows (execute configure
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--help to see all options).
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ImageMagick options represent either features to be enabled, disabled,
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or packages to be included in the build. When a feature is enabled (via
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--enable-something), it enables code already present in ImageMagick. When a
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package is enabled (via --with-something), the configure script will search
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for it, and if is properly installed and ready to use (headers and built
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libraries are found by compiler) it will be included in the build. The
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configure script is delivered with all features disabled and all packages
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enabled. In general, the only reason to disable a package is if a package
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exists but it is unsuitable for the build (perhaps an old version or not
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compiled with the right compilation flags).
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Here are the optional features you can configure:
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--enable-shared
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build the shared libraries and support for loading coder and process
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modules. Shared libraries are preferred because they allow programs
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to share common code, making the individual programs much smaller. In
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addition shared libraries are required in order for PerlMagick to be
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dynamically loaded by an installed PERL (otherwise an additional PERL
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(PerlMagick) must be installed.
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ImageMagick built with delegates (see MAGICK PLUG-INS below) can pose
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additional challenges. If ImageMagick is built using static libraries (the
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default without --enable-shared) then delegate libraries may be built as
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either static libraries or shared libraries. However, if ImageMagick is
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built using shared libraries, then all delegate libraries must also be
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built as shared libraries. Static libraries usually have the extension
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.a, while shared libraries typically have extensions like .so, .sa, or
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.dll. Code in shared libraries normally must compiled using a special
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compiler option to produce Position Independent Code (PIC). The only
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time this not necessary is if the platform compiles code as PIC by
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default.
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PIC compilation flags differ from vendor to vendor (gcc's is
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-fPIC). However, you must compile all shared library source with the
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same flag (for gcc use -fPIC rather than -fpic). While static libraries
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are normally created using an archive tool like ar, shared libraries
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are built using special linker or compiler options (e.g. -shared for gcc).
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If --enable-shared is not specified, a new PERL interpreter (PerlMagick)
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is built which is statically linked against the PerlMagick extension. This
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new interpreter is installed into the same directory as the ImageMagick
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utilities. If --enable-shared is specified, the PerlMagick extension is
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built as a dynamically loadable object which is loaded into your current
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PERL interpreter at run-time. Use of dynamically-loaded extensions is
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preferable over statically linked extensions so use --enable-shared if
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possible (note that all libraries used with ImageMagick must be shared
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libraries!).
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--disable-static
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static archive libraries (with extension .a) are not built. If you
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are building shared libraries, there is little value to building static
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libraries. Reasons to build static libraries include: 1) they can be
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easier to debug; 2) clients do not have external dependencies (i.e.
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libMagick.so); 3) building PIC versions of the delegate libraries may
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take additional expertise and effort; 4) you are unable to build shared
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libraries.
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--disable-installed
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disable building an installed ImageMagick (default enabled).
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By default the ImageMagick build is configured to formally install
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into a directory tree. This the most secure and reliable way to install
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ImageMagick. Use this option to configure ImageMagick so that it doesn't
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use hard-coded paths and locates support files by computing an offset path
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from the executable (or from the location specified by the MAGICK_HOME
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environment variable. The uninstalled configuration is ideal for binary
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distributions which are expected to extract and run in any location.
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--enable-ccmalloc
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enable 'ccmalloc' memory debug support (default disabled).
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--enable-prof
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enable 'prof' profiling support (default disabled).
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--enable-gprof
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enable 'gprof' profiling support (default disabled).
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--enable-gcov
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enable 'gcov' profiling support (default disabled).
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--disable-openmp
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disable OpenMP (default enabled).
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Certain ImageMagick algorithms, for example convolution, can achieve
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a significant speed-up with the assistance of the OpenMP API when
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running on modern dual and quad-core processors.
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--disable-largefile
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disable support for large (64 bit) file offsets.
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By default, ImageMagick is compiled with support for large files (>
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2GB on a 32-bit CPU) if the operating system supports large files. Some
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applications which use the ImageMagick library may also require support
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for large files. By disabling support for large files via
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--disable-largefile, dependent applications do not require special
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compilation options for large files in order to use the library.
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Here are the optional packages you can configure:
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--enable-legacy-support
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install legacy command-line utilities (default disabled).
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--with-quantum-depth
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number of bits in a pixel quantum (default 16).
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Use this option to specify the number of bits to use per pixel quantum
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(the size of the red, green, blue, and alpha pixel components). For
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example, --with-quantum-depth=8 builds ImageMagick using 8-bit quantums.
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Most computer display adapters use 8-bit quantums. Currently supported
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arguments are 8, 16, or 32. We recommend the default of 16 because
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some image formats support 16 bits-per-pixel. However, this option is
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important in determining the overall run-time performance of ImageMagick.
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The number of bits in a quantum determines how many values it may
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contain. Each quantum level supports 256 times as many values as the
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previous level. The following table shows the range available for various
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quantum sizes.
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Quantum Depth Valid Range (Decimal) Valid Range (Hex)
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8 0-255 00-FF
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16 0-65535 0000-FFFF
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32 0-4294967295 00000000-FFFFFFFF
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Larger pixel quantums can cause ImageMagick to run more slowly and to
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require more memory. For example, using sixteen-bit pixel quantums can
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cause ImageMagick to run 15% to 50% slower (and take twice as much memory)
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than when it is built to support eight-bit pixel quantums.
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The amount of virtual memory consumed by an image can be computed by
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the equation (5 * Quantum Depth * Rows * Columns) / 8. This an important
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consideration when resources are limited, particularly since processing
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an image may require several images to be in memory at one time. The
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following table shows memory consumption values for a 1024x768 image:
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Quantum Depth Virtual Memory
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8 3MB
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16 8MB
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32 15MB
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--enable-hdri
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accurately represent the wide range of intensity levels (experimental).
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--enable-osx-universal-binary
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build a universal binary on OS X.
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--without-modules
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disable support for dynamically loadable modules.
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Image coders and process modules are built as loadable modules which are
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installed under the directory [prefix]/lib/ImageMagick-X.X.X/modules-QN
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(where 'N' equals 8, 16, or 32 depending on the quantum depth) in the
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subdirectories coders and filters respectively. The modules build option
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is only available in conjunction with --enable-shared. If --enable-shared
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is not also specified, support for building modules is disabled. Note that
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if --enable-shared and --disable-modules are specified, the module loader
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is active (allowing extending an installed ImageMagick by simply copying
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a module into place) but ImageMagick itself is not built using modules.
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--with-cache
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set pixel cache threshold (defaults to available memory).
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Specify a different image pixel cache threshold with this option. This
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sets the maximum amount of heap memory that ImageMagick is allowed to
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consume before switching to using memory-mapped temporary files to store
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raw pixel data.
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--without-threads
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disable threads support.
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By default, the ImageMagick library is compiled with multi-thread
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support. If this undesirable, specify --without-threads.
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--with-frozenpaths
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enable frozen delegate paths.
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Normally, external program names are substituted into the delegates.xml
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configuration file without full paths. Specify this option to enable
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saving full paths to programs using locations determined by configure.
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This useful for environments where programs are stored under multiple
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paths, and users may use different PATH settings than the person who
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builds ImageMagick.
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--without-magick-plus-plus
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disable build/install of Magick++.
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Disable building Magick++, the C++ application programming interface
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to ImageMagick. A suitable C++ compiler is required in order to build
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Magick++. Specify the CXX configure variable to select the C++ compiler
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to use (default g++), and CXXFLAGS to select the desired compiler
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optimization and debug flags (default -g -O2). Antique C++ compilers
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will normally be rejected by configure tests so specifying this option
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should only be necessary if Magick++ fails to compile.
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--with-package-release-name
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encode this name into the shared library name (see libtools -release
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option).
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--without-perl
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disable build/install of PerlMagick, or
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By default, PerlMagick is conveniently compiled and installed as part
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of ImageMagick's normal configure, make, sudo make install process. When
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--without-perl is specified, you must first install ImageMagick, change to
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the PerlMagick subdirectory, build, and finally install PerlMagick. Note,
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PerlMagick is configured even if --without-perl is specified. If the
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argument --with-perl=/path/to/perl is supplied, /../path/to/perl is be
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taken as the PERL interpreter to use. This important in case the perl
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executable in your PATH is not PERL5, or is not the PERL you want to use.
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--with-perl=PERL
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use specified Perl binary to configure PerlMagick.
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--with-perl-options=OPTIONS
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options to pass on command-line when generating PerlMagick's Makefile
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from Makefile.PL.
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The PerlMagick module is normally installed using the Perl interpreter's
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installation PREFIX, rather than ImageMagick's. If ImageMagick's
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installation prefix is not the same as PERL's PREFIX, then you
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may find that PerlMagick's sudo make install step tries to install
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into a directory tree that you don't have write permissions to. This
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common when PERL is delivered with the operating system or on Internet
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Service Provider (ISP) web servers. If you want PerlMagick to install
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elsewhere, then provide a PREFIX option to PERL's configuration step
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via "--with-perl-options=PREFIX=/some/place". Other options accepted by
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MakeMaker are 'LIB', 'LIBPERL_A', 'LINKTYPE', and 'OPTIMIZE'. See the
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ExtUtils::MakeMaker(3) manual page for more information on configuring
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PERL extensions.
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--without-bzlib
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disable BZLIB support.
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--without-dps
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disable Display Postscript support.
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--with-fpx
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enable FlashPIX support.
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--without-freetype
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disable TrueType support.
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--with-gslib
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enable Ghostscript library support.
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--without-jbig
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disable JBIG support.
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--without-jpeg
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disable JPEG support.
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--without-jp2
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disable JPEG v2 support.
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--without-lcms
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disable lcms (v1.1X) support
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--without-lcms2
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disable lcms (v2.X) support
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--without-lzma
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disable LZMA support.
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--without-png
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disable PNG support.
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--without-tiff
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disable TIFF support.
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--without-wmf
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disable WMF support.
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--with-fontpath
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prepend to default font search path.
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--with-gs-font-dir
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directory containing Ghostscript fonts.
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Specify the directory containing the Ghostscript Postscript Type 1 font
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files (e.g. n022003l.pfb) so that they can be rendered using the FreeType
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library. If the font files are installed using the default Ghostscript
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installation paths (${prefix}/share/ghostscript/fonts), they should
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be discovered automagically by configure and specifying this option is
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not necessary. Specify this option if the Ghostscript fonts fail to be
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located automagically, or the location needs to be overridden.
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--with-windows-font-dir
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directory containing MS-Windows fonts.
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Specify the directory containing MS-Windows-compatible fonts. This not
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necessary when ImageMagick is running under MS-Windows.
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--without-xml
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disable XML support.
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--without-zlib
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disable ZLIB support.
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--without-x
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don't use the X Window System.
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By default, ImageMagick uses the X11 delegate libraries if they are
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available. When --without-x is specified, use of X11 is disabled. The
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display, animate, and import sub-commands are not included. The remaining
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sub-commands have reduced functionality such as no access to X11 fonts
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(consider using Postscript or TrueType fonts instead).
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--with-share-path=DIR
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Alternate path to share directory (default share/ImageMagick).
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--with-libstdc=DIR
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use libstdc++ in DIR (for GNU C++).
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While configure is designed to ease installation of ImageMagick, it often
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discovers problems that would otherwise be encountered later when compiling
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ImageMagick. The configure script tests for headers and libraries by
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executing the compiler (CC) with the specified compilation flags (CFLAGS),
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pre-processor flags (CPPFLAGS), and linker flags (LDFLAGS). Any errors are
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logged to the file config.log. If configure fails to discover a header or
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library please review this log file to determine why, however, please be
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aware that *errors in the config.log are normal* because configure works by
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trying something and seeing if it fails. An error in config.log is only a
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problem if the test should have passed on your system.
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Common causes of configure failures are: 1) a delegate header is not in the
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header include path (CPPFLAGS -I option); 2) a delegate library is not in
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the linker search/run path (LDFLAGS -L/-R option); 3) a delegate library is
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missing a function (old version?); or 4) compilation environment is faulty.
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If all reasonable corrective actions have been tried and the problem appears
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be due to a flaw in the configure script, please send a bug report to the
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ImageMagick Defect Support Forum. All bug reports should contain the operating
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system type (as reported by uname -a) and the compiler/compiler-version. A
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copy of the configure script output and/or the relevant portion of config.log
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file may be valuable in order to find the problem. If you post portions
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of config.log, please also send a script of the configure output and a
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description of what you expected to see (and why) so the failure you are
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observing can be identified and resolved.
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ImageMagick is now configured and ready to build
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Build
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Once ImageMagick is configured, these standard build targets are available
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from the generated make files:
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make
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build ImageMagick.
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sudo make install
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install ImageMagick.
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make check
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Run tests using the installed ImageMagick (sudo make install must be
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done first). Ghostscript is a prerequisite, otherwise the EPS, PS,
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and PDF tests will fail.
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make clean
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Remove everything in the build directory created by make.
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make distclean
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remove everything in the build directory created by configure and
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make. This useful if you want to start over from scratch.
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make uninstall
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Remove all files from the system which are (or would be) installed by sudo
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make install using the current configuration. Note that this target is
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imperfect for PerlMagick since Perl no longer supports an uninstall
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target.
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In most cases you will simply want to compile ImageMagick with this command:
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$magick> make
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Once built, you can optionally install ImageMagick on your system as
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discussed below.
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Install
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Now that ImageMagick is configured and built, type:
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$magick> make install
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to install it.
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By default, ImageMagick is installs binaries in /../usr/local/bin, libraries
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in /../usr/local/lib, header files in /../usr/local/include and documentation
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in /../usr/local/share. You can specify an alternative installation prefix
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other than /../usr/local by giving configure the option --prefix=PATH. This
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valuable in case you don't have privileges to install under the default
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paths or if you want to install in the system directories instead.
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To confirm your installation of the ImageMagick distribution was successful,
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ensure that the installation directory is in your executable search path
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and type:
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$magick> display
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The ImageMagick logo is displayed on your X11 display.
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To verify the ImageMagick build configuration, type:
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$magick> identify -list configure
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To list which image formats are supported , type:
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$magick> identify -list format
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For a more comprehensive test, you run the ImageMagick test suite by typing:
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$magick> make check
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Ghostscript is a prerequisite, otherwise the EPS, PS, and PDF tests will
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fail. Note that due to differences between the developer's environment and
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your own it is possible that a few tests may fail even though the results are
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ok. Differences between the developer's environment environment and your own
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may include the compiler, the CPU type, and the library versions used. The
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ImageMagick developers use the current release of all dependent libraries.
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Linux-specific Build instructions
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Download ImageMagick.src.rpm from ftp.imagemagick.org or its mirrors and
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verify the distribution against its message digest.
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Build ImageMagick with this command:
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$magick> rpmbuild --rebuild ImageMagick.src.rpm
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After the build you, locate the RPMS folder and install the ImageMagick
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binary RPM distribution:
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$magick> rpm -ivh ImageMagick-7.0.0-?.*.rpm
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MinGW-specific Build instructions
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Although you can download and install delegate libraries yourself, many
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are already available in the GnuWin32 distribution. Download and install
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whichever delegate libraries you require such as JPEG, PNG, TIFF, etc. Make
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sure you specify the development headers when you install a package. Next
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type,
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$magick> tar jxvf ImageMagick-7.0.0-?.tar.bz2
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$magick> cd ImageMagick-7.0.0
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$magick> export CPPFLAGS="-Ic:/Progra~1/GnuWin32/include"
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$magick> export LDFLAGS="-Lc:/Progra~1/GnuWin32/lib"
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$magick> ./configure --without-perl
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$magick> make $magick> sudo make install
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Dealing with Unexpected Problems
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Chances are the download, configure, build, and install of ImageMagick went
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flawlessly as it is intended, however, certain systems and environments may
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cause one or more steps to fail. We discuss a few problems we've run across
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and how to take corrective action to ensure you have a working release
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of ImageMagick
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Build Problems
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If the build complains about missing dependencies (e.g. .deps/source.PLO),
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add --disable-dependency-tracking to your configure command line.
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Some systems may fail to link at build time due to unresolved symbols. Try
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adding the LDFLAGS to the configure command line:
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$magick> configure LDFLAGS='-L/usr/local/lib -R/usr/local/lib'
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Dynamic Linker Run-time Bindings
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On some systems, ImageMagick may not find its shared library, libMagick.so. Try
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running the ldconfig with the library path:
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$magick> /sbin/ldconfig /usr/local/lib
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Solaris and Linux systems have the ldd command which is useful to track which
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libraries ImageMagick depends on:
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$magick> ldd `which convert`
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Delegate Libraries
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On occasion you may receive these warnings:
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no decode delegate for this image format
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no encode delegate for this image format
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This exception indicates that an external delegate library or its headers
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were not available when ImageMagick was built. To add support for the image
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format, download and install the requisite delegate library and its header
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files and reconfigure, rebuild, and reinstall ImageMagick. As an example,
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lets add support for the JPEG image format. First we install the JPEG RPMS:
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$magick> yum install libjpeg libjpeg-devel
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Now reconfigure, rebuild, and reinstall ImageMagick. To verify JPEG is now
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properly supported within ImageMagick, use this command:
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$magick> identify -list format
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You should see a mode of rw- associated with the JPEG tag. This mode means
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the image can be read or written and can only support one image per image
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file.
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PerlMagick
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If PerlMagick fails to link with a message similar to libperl.a is not found,
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rerun configure with the --enable-shared or --enable-shared --with-modules
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options.
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