417 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
417 lines
9.7 KiB
XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>
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<!DOCTYPE supplementalData SYSTEM "../../common/dtd/ldmlSupplemental.dtd">
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<!-- Copyright © 1991-2015 Unicode, Inc.
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CLDR data files are interpreted according to the LDML specification (http://unicode.org/reports/tr35/)
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For terms of use, see http://www.unicode.org/copyright.html -->
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<supplementalData>
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<version number="$Revision$" />
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<transforms>
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<transform source="my" target="my_FONIPA" direction="forward" alias="my-fonipa-t-my">
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<tRule><![CDATA[
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# Pronunciation rules for Burmese.
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#
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# The following rules are lexical and heuristic: lexical in the sense
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# that they generate phoneme strings which may further undergo
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# post-lexical phonological processes, in particular voicing, to
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# result in actual surface forms; heuristic in the sense that they try
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# to resolve ambiguities, especially around reduced vowels, in a
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# systematic way that may be incorrect in many situations. Vowel
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# reduction depends on many factors, such as morphemic structure,
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# which are not available here.
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#
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# Definitions
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#
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# Dependent vowel signs
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$vs_AA = \u102B;
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$vs_aa = \u102C;
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$vs_i = \u102D;
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$vs_ii = \u102E;
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$vs_u = \u102F;
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$vs_uu = \u1030;
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$vs_e = \u1031;
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$vs_ai = \u1032;
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# Various signs
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$anusvara = \u1036;
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$visarga = \u1038;
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$virama = \u1039;
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$asat = \u103A;
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# Dependent (medial) consonant signs
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$med_y = \u103B;
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$med_r = \u103C;
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$med_w = \u103D;
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$med_h = \u103E;
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# Independent letters and letter-like punctuation symbols
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$independent = [\u1000-\u102A \u103F \u104C-\u104F \u1050-\u1055];
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$creaky = \u0330;
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$high = \u0301;
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$low = \u0300;
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$coda = [$creaky $high $low ɴ ʔ ə]; # TODO: remove if unused
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#
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# Preprocessing
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#
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::NFC;
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# Replace U+102B TALL AA with U+102C AA. Their pronunciation is identical.
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$vs_AA → $vs_aa;
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# Unstack kinzi (င် plus U+1039 VIRAMA) into plain င်.
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# Hmm, what would happen if the syllable ending in kinzi had non-low tone?
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င် $virama → င်;
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# Unstack everything else, i.e. replace U+1039 VIRAMA with U+103A ASAT.
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$virama → $asat;
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# Unstack U+103F GREAT SA.
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ဿ → သ်သ;
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# Insert a syllable boundary marker /./ before every independent letter.
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::Null;
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[^.$] { } $independent ([\u1037\u103B-\u103E])* [^\u103A] → \.;
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# Insert default inherent vowel: /a̰/ at the end, /ə/ everywhere else.
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::Null;
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([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } [$] → $1 a $creaky;
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([\u1000-\u1021\u103F] [\u103B-\u103E]*) } \. → $1 ə;
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# Allow for additional coda consonants.
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#
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# This only covers a few of the cases in which full coda consonants
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# can appear in loanwords. The general situation is somewhat rare and
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# is more easily dealt with in a formalism that can impose structural
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# constraints on syllables more easily.
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::Null;
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$asat ($visarga)? [\u1000-\u102A] { $asat → ;
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# Deal with ၎င်း early.
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၎င်း → lə\.ɡa $high ʊ̯ɴ;
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#
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# Rhymes
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#
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::Null;
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က် → ɛʔ;
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ဂ် → ɛʔ; # in မဂ္ဂဇင်း ~ မဂ်ဂဇင်း /mɛʔ.ɡə.zɪ́ɴ/
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င့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
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င်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
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င် → ɪ $low ɴ;
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စ် → ɪʔ; # maybe sometimes /eɪ̯ʔ/
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ဉ့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
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ဉ်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
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ဉ် → ɪ $low ɴ;
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ည့် → ɛ $creaky;
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ည်း → ɛ $high;
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ည် → ɛ $low;
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ဏ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
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ဏ်း → a $high ɴ;
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ဏ် → a $low ɴ;
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တ် → aʔ;
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န့် → a $creaky ɴ;
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န်း → a $high ɴ;
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န် → a $low ɴ;
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ပ် → aʔ;
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မ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
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မ်း → a $high ɴ;
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မ် → a $low ɴ;
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ယ့် → ɛ $creaky;
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ယ်း → ɛ $high;
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ယ် → ɛ $low;
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သ် → aʔ;
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$vs_aa ဉ့် → ɪ $creaky ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဉ်း → ɪ $high ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဉ် → ɪ $low ɴ;
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$vs_aa တ် → aʔ;
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$vs_aa ဏ့် → a $creaky ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဏ်း → a $high ɴ;
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$vs_aa ဏ် → a $low ɴ;
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$vs_aa န့် → a $creaky ɴ;
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$vs_aa န်း → a $high ɴ;
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$vs_aa န် → a $low ɴ;
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$vs_aa ပ် → aʔ; # in ကလာပ်စည်း /kə.laʔ.sɛ́/ (club cell)
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$vs_aa ယ့် → ɛ $creaky;
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$vs_aa ယ်း → ɛ $high;
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$vs_aa ယ် → ɛ $low;
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$vs_aa ့ → a $creaky; # redundant creaky tone
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$vs_aa း → a $high;
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$vs_aa → a $low;
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$vs_i က် → eɪ̯ʔ;
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$vs_i စ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
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$vs_i တ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
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$vs_i န့် → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i န်း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i န် → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i ပ် → eɪ̯ʔ;
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$vs_i မ့် → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i မ်း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i မ် → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u က် → aɪ̯ʔ;
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$vs_i $vs_u င့် → a $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u င်း → a $high ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u င် → a $low ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ဏ့် → a $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ဏ်း → a $high ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ဏ် → a $low ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $vs_u ယ့် → o $creaky;
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$vs_i $vs_u ယ်း → o $high;
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$vs_i $vs_u ယ် → o $low; # in ကိုယ် /kò/
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$vs_i $vs_u ့ → o $creaky;
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$vs_i $vs_u း → o $high;
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$vs_i $vs_u → o $low;
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$vs_i $anusvara ့ → e $creaky ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $anusvara း → e $high ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i $anusvara → e $low ɪ̯ɴ;
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$vs_i → i $creaky;
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$vs_ii ့ → i $creaky; # this does not usually occur
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$vs_ii း → i $high;
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$vs_ii → i $low;
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$vs_u က် → oʊ̯ʔ;
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$vs_u ဂ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
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$vs_u ဏ့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u ဏ်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u ဏ် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u တ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
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$vs_u န့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u န်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u န် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u ပ် → oʊ̯ʔ;
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$vs_u မ့် → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u မ်း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u မ် → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u $anusvara ့ → o $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u $anusvara း → o $high ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u $anusvara → o $low ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_u → u $creaky;
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$vs_uu ့ → u $creaky; # this does not usually occur
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$vs_uu း → u $high;
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$vs_uu → u $low;
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$vs_e တ် → ɪʔ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa က် → aʊ̯ʔ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa င့် → a $creaky ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa င်း → a $high ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa င် → a $low ʊ̯ɴ;
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$vs_e $vs_aa ့ → ɔ $creaky;
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$vs_e $vs_aa း → ɔ $high; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
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$vs_e $vs_aa ် → ɔ $low;
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$vs_e $vs_aa → ɔ $high;
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$vs_e ့ → e $creaky;
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$vs_e း → e $high;
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$vs_e → e $low;
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$vs_ai ့ → ɛ $creaky;
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$vs_ai း → ɛ $high; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
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$vs_ai → ɛ $high;
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$anusvara ့ → a $creaky ɴ;
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$anusvara း → a $high ɴ;
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$anusvara → a $low ɴ;
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$med_w တ် → ʊʔ;
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$med_w န့် → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
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$med_w န်း → ʊ $high ɴ;
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$med_w န် → ʊ $low ɴ;
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$med_w ပ် → ʊʔ;
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$med_w မ့် → ʊ $creaky ɴ;
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$med_w မ်း → ʊ $high ɴ;
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$med_w မ် → ʊ $low ɴ;
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#
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# Medials
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#
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::Null;
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# Palatalization of the velar stops before MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA:
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# velar + /j/ ==> modern palatals.
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ကျ → t͡ɕ;
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ချ → t͡ɕʰ;
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ဂျ → d͡ʑ;
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ဃျ → d͡ʑ;
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ကြ → t͡ɕ;
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ခြ → t͡ɕʰ;
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ဂြ → d͡ʑ;
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ဃြ → d͡ʑ;
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# Remove redundant MEDIAL YA and MEDIAL RA after initial YA.
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ယ { [$med_y $med_r] → ;
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# Reorder the medials so that U+103E SIGN MEDIAL HA comes before any
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# other medials.
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# First, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103D MEDIAL WA.
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\u103D \u103E → \u103E \u103D;
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::Null;
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# Now MEDIAL WA comes last.
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# Produce the palatal ʃ from (SA|LA)+YA+HA.
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သျှ → ʃ;
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လျှ → ʃ;
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# Second, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103C MEDIAL RA.
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\u103C \u103E → \u103E \u103C;
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::Null;
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# Finally, push U+103E MEDIAL HA before U+103B MEDIAL YA.
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\u103B \u103E → \u103E \u103B;
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::Null;
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# Consume MEDIAL HA and apply devoicing.
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ငှ → ŋ̊;
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ဉှ → ɲ̥;
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ညှ → ɲ̥;
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ဏှ → n̥;
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နှ → n̥;
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မှ → m̥;
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ယှ → ʃ;
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ရှ → ʃ;
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လှ → l̥;
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ဝှ → w̥;
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ဠှ → l̥;
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# Drop any remaining U+103E MEDIAL HA.
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\u103E → ;
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# Simplify medial cluster /jw/ to /w/, i.e. drop U+103B MEDIAL YA and
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# U+103C MEDIAL RA before U+103D MEDIAL WA. # TODO: revisit this
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\u103B } \u103D → ;
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\u103C } \u103D → ;
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\u103B → j;
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\u103C → j;
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\u103D → w;
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#
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# Initials
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#
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# Velars
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က → k;
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ခ → kʰ;
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ဂ → ɡ;
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ဃ → ɡ;
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င → ŋ;
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# Historic palatals
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စ → s;
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ဆ → sʰ;
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ဇ → z;
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ဈ → z;
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ဉ → ɲ;
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ည → ɲ;
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# Alveolars
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ဋ → t;
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ဌ → tʰ;
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ဍ → d;
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ဎ → d;
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ဏ → n;
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# Historic dentals ==> alveolars
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တ → t;
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ထ → tʰ;
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ဒ → d;
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ဓ → d;
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န → n;
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# Labials
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ပ → p;
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ဖ → pʰ;
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ဗ → b;
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ဘ → b;
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မ → m;
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# Other letters
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ယ → j;
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ရ → j; # historic /r/
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လ် → ; # final, typically not pronounced in native words
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လ → l;
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ဝ → w;
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သ → θ; # historic /s/ ==> modern dental
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ဟ → h;
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ဠ → l;
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အ → ʔ;
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# Independent vowels
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ဣ့ → ʔḭ; # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
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ဣး → ʔí; # this does not usually occur
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ဣ → ʔḭ;
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ဤ့ → ʔḭ; # this does not usually occur
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ဤး → ʔí; # this does not usually occur
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ဤ → ʔì;
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ဥ့ → ʔṵ; # redundant creaky tone; this does not usually occur
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ဥး → ʔú; # this does not usually occur
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ဥ → ʔṵ;
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ဦ့ → ʔṵ; # this does not usually occur
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ဦး → ʔú;
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ဦ → ʔù;
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ဧ့ → ʔḛ; # this does not usually occur
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ဧး → ʔé;
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ဧ → ʔè;
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ဩ့ → ʔɔ̰; # this does not usually occur
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ဩး → ʔɔ́; # redundant high tone; this does not usually occur
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ဩ → ʔɔ́;
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ဪ့ → ʔɔ̰; # this does not usually occur
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ဪး → ʔɔ́; # this does not usually occur
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ဪ → ʔɔ̀;
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# Various signs
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၌ → n̥aɪ̯ʔ;
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၍ → jwḛ;
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# ၎င်း was handled earlier.
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၏ → ʔḭ;
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#
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# Postprocessing
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#
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# Delete any remaining U+103A ASAT.
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$asat → ;
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# Delete zero-width space, non-joiner, joiner.
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[\u200B-\u200D] → ;
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::NFC;
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]]></tRule>
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</transform>
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||
</transforms>
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||
</supplementalData>
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