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Inject
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SUMMARY: REQUIRED | OPTIONAL</FONT></TD>
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DETAIL: ELEMENT</FONT></TD>
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javax.inject</FONT>
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Annotation Type Inject</H2>
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<HR>
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<DL>
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<DT><PRE><FONT SIZE="-1">@Target(value={METHOD,CONSTRUCTOR,FIELD})
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@Retention(value=RUNTIME)
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@Documented
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</FONT>public @interface <B>Inject</B></DL>
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</PRE>
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<P>
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Identifies injectable constructors, methods, and fields. May apply to static
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as well as instance members. An injectable member may have any access
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modifier (private, package-private, protected, public). Constructors are
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injected first, followed by fields, and then methods. Fields and methods
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in superclasses are injected before those in subclasses. Ordering of
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injection among fields and among methods in the same class is not specified.
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<p>Injectable constructors are annotated with <code>@Inject</code> and accept
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zero or more dependencies as arguments. <code>@Inject</code> can apply to at most
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one constructor per class.
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<p><tt><blockquote style="padding-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em;">@Inject
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<i>ConstructorModifiers<sub>opt</sub></i>
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<i>SimpleTypeName</i>(<i>FormalParameterList<sub>opt</sub></i>)
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<i>Throws<sub>opt</sub></i>
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<i>ConstructorBody</i></blockquote></tt>
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<p><code>@Inject</code> is optional for public, no-argument constructors when no
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other constructors are present. This enables injectors to invoke default
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constructors.
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<p><tt><blockquote style="padding-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em;">
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@Inject<sub><i>opt</i></sub>
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<i>Annotations<sub>opt</sub></i>
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public
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<i>SimpleTypeName</i>()
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<i>Throws<sub>opt</sub></i>
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<i>ConstructorBody</i></blockquote></tt>
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<p>Injectable fields:
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<ul>
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<li>are annotated with <code>@Inject</code>.
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<li>are not final.
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<li>may have any otherwise valid name.</li></ul>
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<p><tt><blockquote style="padding-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em;">@Inject
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<i>FieldModifiers<sub>opt</sub></i>
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<i>Type</i>
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<i>VariableDeclarators</i>;</blockquote></tt>
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<p>Injectable methods:
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<ul>
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<li>are annotated with <code>@Inject</code>.</li>
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<li>are not abstract.</li>
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<li>do not declare type parameters of their own.</li>
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<li>may return a result</li>
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<li>may have any otherwise valid name.</li>
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<li>accept zero or more dependencies as arguments.</li></ul>
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<p><tt><blockquote style="padding-left: 2em; text-indent: -2em;">@Inject
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<i>MethodModifiers<sub>opt</sub></i>
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<i>ResultType</i>
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<i>Identifier</i>(<i>FormalParameterList<sub>opt</sub></i>)
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<i>Throws<sub>opt</sub></i>
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<i>MethodBody</i></blockquote></tt>
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<p>The injector ignores the result of an injected method, but
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non-<code>void</code> return types are allowed to support use of the method in
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other contexts (builder-style method chaining, for example).
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<p>Examples:
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<pre>
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public class Car {
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// Injectable constructor
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@Inject public Car(Engine engine) { ... }
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// Injectable field
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@Inject private Provider<Seat> seatProvider;
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// Injectable package-private method
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@Inject void install(Windshield windshield, Trunk trunk) { ... }
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}</pre>
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<p>A method annotated with <code>@Inject</code> that overrides another method
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annotated with <code>@Inject</code> will only be injected once per injection
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request per instance. A method with <i>no</i> <code>@Inject</code> annotation
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that overrides a method annotated with <code>@Inject</code> will not be
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injected.
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<p>Injection of members annotated with <code>@Inject</code> is required. While an
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injectable member may use any accessibility modifier (including
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<tt>private</tt>), platform or injector limitations (like security
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restrictions or lack of reflection support) might preclude injection
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of non-public members.
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<h3>Qualifiers</h3>
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<p>A <A HREF="../../javax/inject/Qualifier.html" title="annotation in javax.inject">qualifier</A> may annotate an injectable field
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or parameter and, combined with the type, identify the implementation to
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inject. Qualifiers are optional, and when used with <code>@Inject</code> in
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injector-independent classes, no more than one qualifier should annotate a
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single field or parameter. The qualifiers are bold in the following example:
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<pre>
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public class Car {
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@Inject private <b>@Leather</b> Provider<Seat> seatProvider;
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@Inject void install(<b>@Tinted</b> Windshield windshield,
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<b>@Big</b> Trunk trunk) { ... }
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}</pre>
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<p>If one injectable method overrides another, the overriding method's
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parameters do not automatically inherit qualifiers from the overridden
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method's parameters.
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<h3>Injectable Values</h3>
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<p>For a given type T and optional qualifier, an injector must be able to
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inject a user-specified class that:
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<ol type="a">
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<li>is assignment compatible with T and</li>
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<li>has an injectable constructor.</li>
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</ol>
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<p>For example, the user might use external configuration to pick an
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implementation of T. Beyond that, which values are injected depend upon the
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injector implementation and its configuration.
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<h3>Circular Dependencies</h3>
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<p>Detecting and resolving circular dependencies is left as an exercise for
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the injector implementation. Circular dependencies between two constructors
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is an obvious problem, but you can also have a circular dependency between
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injectable fields or methods:
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<pre>
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class A {
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@Inject B b;
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}
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class B {
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@Inject A a;
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}</pre>
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<p>When constructing an instance of <code>A</code>, a naive injector
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implementation might go into an infinite loop constructing an instance of
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<code>B</code> to set on <code>A</code>, a second instance of <code>A</code> to set on
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<code>B</code>, a second instance of <code>B</code> to set on the second instance of
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<code>A</code>, and so on.
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<p>A conservative injector might detect the circular dependency at build
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time and generate an error, at which point the programmer could break the
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circular dependency by injecting <A HREF="../../javax/inject/Provider.html" title="interface in javax.inject"><CODE>Provider<A></CODE></A> or <code>Provider<B></code> instead of <code>A</code> or <code>B</code> respectively. Calling <A HREF="../../javax/inject/Provider.html#get()"><CODE>get()</CODE></A> on the provider directly from the constructor or
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method it was injected into defeats the provider's ability to break up
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circular dependencies. In the case of method or field injection, scoping
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one of the dependencies (using <A HREF="../../javax/inject/Singleton.html" title="annotation in javax.inject">singleton scope</A>, for
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example) may also enable a valid circular relationship.
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<P>
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<P>
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<DL>
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<DT><B>See Also:</B><DD><A HREF="../../javax/inject/Qualifier.html" title="annotation in javax.inject"><CODE>@Qualifier</CODE></A>,
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<A HREF="../../javax/inject/Provider.html" title="interface in javax.inject"><CODE>Provider</CODE></A></DL>
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