188 lines
13 KiB
HTML
188 lines
13 KiB
HTML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
|
|
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" /><link rel="SHORTCUT ICON" href="/favicon.ico" /><style type="text/css">
|
|
TD {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica}
|
|
BODY {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica; margin-top: 2em; margin-left: 0em; margin-right: 0em}
|
|
H1 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica}
|
|
H2 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica}
|
|
H3 {font-family: Verdana,Arial,Helvetica}
|
|
A:link, A:visited, A:active { text-decoration: underline }
|
|
</style><title>A real example</title></head><body bgcolor="#8b7765" text="#000000" link="#a06060" vlink="#000000"><table border="0" width="100%" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"><tr><td width="120"><a href="http://swpat.ffii.org/"><img src="epatents.png" alt="Action against software patents" /></a></td><td width="180"><a href="http://www.gnome.org/"><img src="gnome2.png" alt="Gnome2 Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.w3.org/Status"><img src="w3c.png" alt="W3C Logo" /></a><a href="http://www.redhat.com/"><img src="redhat.gif" alt="Red Hat Logo" /></a><div align="left"><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/"><img src="Libxml2-Logo-180x168.gif" alt="Made with Libxml2 Logo" /></a></div></td><td><table border="0" width="90%" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" align="center" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3" bgcolor="#fffacd"><tr><td align="center"><h1>The XML C parser and toolkit of Gnome</h1><h2>A real example</h2></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table><table border="0" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" width="100%" align="center"><tr><td bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr><td valign="top" width="200" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Developer Menu</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><form action="search.php" enctype="application/x-www-form-urlencoded" method="get"><input name="query" type="text" size="20" value="" /><input name="submit" type="submit" value="Search ..." /></form><ul><li><a href="index.html" style="font-weight:bold">Main Menu</a></li><li><a href="html/index.html" style="font-weight:bold">Reference Manual</a></li><li><a href="examples/index.html" style="font-weight:bold">Code Examples</a></li><li><a href="guidelines.html">XML Guidelines</a></li><li><a href="tutorial/index.html">Tutorial</a></li><li><a href="xmlreader.html">The Reader Interface</a></li><li><a href="ChangeLog.html">ChangeLog</a></li><li><a href="XSLT.html">XSLT</a></li><li><a href="python.html">Python and bindings</a></li><li><a href="architecture.html">libxml2 architecture</a></li><li><a href="tree.html">The tree output</a></li><li><a href="interface.html">The SAX interface</a></li><li><a href="xmlmem.html">Memory Management</a></li><li><a href="xmlio.html">I/O Interfaces</a></li><li><a href="library.html">The parser interfaces</a></li><li><a href="entities.html">Entities or no entities</a></li><li><a href="namespaces.html">Namespaces</a></li><li><a href="upgrade.html">Upgrading 1.x code</a></li><li><a href="threads.html">Thread safety</a></li><li><a href="DOM.html">DOM Principles</a></li><li><a href="example.html">A real example</a></li><li><a href="xml.html">flat page</a>, <a href="site.xsl">stylesheet</a></li></ul></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>API Indexes</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><ul><li><a href="APIchunk0.html">Alphabetic</a></li><li><a href="APIconstructors.html">Constructors</a></li><li><a href="APIfunctions.html">Functions/Types</a></li><li><a href="APIfiles.html">Modules</a></li><li><a href="APIsymbols.html">Symbols</a></li></ul></td></tr></table><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="1" cellpadding="3"><tr><td colspan="1" bgcolor="#eecfa1" align="center"><center><b>Related links</b></center></td></tr><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><ul><li><a href="http://mail.gnome.org/archives/xml/">Mail archive</a></li><li><a href="http://xmlsoft.org/XSLT/">XSLT libxslt</a></li><li><a href="http://phd.cs.unibo.it/gdome2/">DOM gdome2</a></li><li><a href="http://www.aleksey.com/xmlsec/">XML-DSig xmlsec</a></li><li><a href="ftp://xmlsoft.org/">FTP</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zlatkovic.com/projects/libxml/">Windows binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://opencsw.org/packages/libxml2">Solaris binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://www.explain.com.au/oss/libxml2xslt.html">MacOsX binaries</a></li><li><a href="http://lxml.de/">lxml Python bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://cpan.uwinnipeg.ca/dist/XML-LibXML">Perl bindings</a></li><li><a href="https://libxmlplusplus.github.io/libxmlplusplus/">C++ bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://www.zend.com/php5/articles/php5-xmlphp.php#Heading4">PHP bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://sourceforge.net/projects/libxml2-pas/">Pascal bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://libxml.rubyforge.org/">Ruby bindings</a></li><li><a href="http://tclxml.sourceforge.net/">Tcl bindings</a></li><li><a href="https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/libxml2/issues">Bug Tracker</a></li></ul></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td><td valign="top" bgcolor="#8b7765"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%"><tr><td><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="100%" bgcolor="#000000"><tr><td><table border="0" cellpadding="3" cellspacing="1" width="100%"><tr><td bgcolor="#fffacd"><p>Here is a real size example, where the actual content of the application
|
|
data is not kept in the DOM tree but uses internal structures. It is based on
|
|
a proposal to keep a database of jobs related to Gnome, with an XML based
|
|
storage structure. Here is an <a href="gjobs.xml">XML encoded jobs
|
|
base</a>:</p><pre><?xml version="1.0"?>
|
|
<gjob:Helping xmlns:gjob="http://www.gnome.org/some-location">
|
|
<gjob:Jobs>
|
|
|
|
<gjob:Job>
|
|
<gjob:Project ID="3"/>
|
|
<gjob:Application>GBackup</gjob:Application>
|
|
<gjob:Category>Development</gjob:Category>
|
|
|
|
<gjob:Update>
|
|
<gjob:Status>Open</gjob:Status>
|
|
<gjob:Modified>Mon, 07 Jun 1999 20:27:45 -0400 MET DST</gjob:Modified>
|
|
<gjob:Salary>USD 0.00</gjob:Salary>
|
|
</gjob:Update>
|
|
|
|
<gjob:Developers>
|
|
<gjob:Developer>
|
|
</gjob:Developer>
|
|
</gjob:Developers>
|
|
|
|
<gjob:Contact>
|
|
<gjob:Person>Nathan Clemons</gjob:Person>
|
|
<gjob:Email>nathan@windsofstorm.net</gjob:Email>
|
|
<gjob:Company>
|
|
</gjob:Company>
|
|
<gjob:Organisation>
|
|
</gjob:Organisation>
|
|
<gjob:Webpage>
|
|
</gjob:Webpage>
|
|
<gjob:Snailmail>
|
|
</gjob:Snailmail>
|
|
<gjob:Phone>
|
|
</gjob:Phone>
|
|
</gjob:Contact>
|
|
|
|
<gjob:Requirements>
|
|
The program should be released as free software, under the GPL.
|
|
</gjob:Requirements>
|
|
|
|
<gjob:Skills>
|
|
</gjob:Skills>
|
|
|
|
<gjob:Details>
|
|
A GNOME based system that will allow a superuser to configure
|
|
compressed and uncompressed files and/or file systems to be backed
|
|
up with a supported media in the system. This should be able to
|
|
perform via find commands generating a list of files that are passed
|
|
to tar, dd, cpio, cp, gzip, etc., to be directed to the tape machine
|
|
or via operations performed on the filesystem itself. Email
|
|
notification and GUI status display very important.
|
|
</gjob:Details>
|
|
|
|
</gjob:Job>
|
|
|
|
</gjob:Jobs>
|
|
</gjob:Helping></pre><p>While loading the XML file into an internal DOM tree is a matter of
|
|
calling only a couple of functions, browsing the tree to gather the data and
|
|
generate the internal structures is harder, and more error prone.</p><p>The suggested principle is to be tolerant with respect to the input
|
|
structure. For example, the ordering of the attributes is not significant,
|
|
the XML specification is clear about it. It's also usually a good idea not to
|
|
depend on the order of the children of a given node, unless it really makes
|
|
things harder. Here is some code to parse the information for a person:</p><pre>/*
|
|
* A person record
|
|
*/
|
|
typedef struct person {
|
|
char *name;
|
|
char *email;
|
|
char *company;
|
|
char *organisation;
|
|
char *smail;
|
|
char *webPage;
|
|
char *phone;
|
|
} person, *personPtr;
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* And the code needed to parse it
|
|
*/
|
|
personPtr parsePerson(xmlDocPtr doc, xmlNsPtr ns, xmlNodePtr cur) {
|
|
personPtr ret = NULL;
|
|
|
|
DEBUG("parsePerson\n");
|
|
/*
|
|
* allocate the struct
|
|
*/
|
|
ret = (personPtr) malloc(sizeof(person));
|
|
if (ret == NULL) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr,"out of memory\n");
|
|
return(NULL);
|
|
}
|
|
memset(ret, 0, sizeof(person));
|
|
|
|
/* We don't care what the top level element name is */
|
|
cur = cur->xmlChildrenNode;
|
|
while (cur != NULL) {
|
|
if ((!strcmp(cur->name, "Person")) && (cur->ns == ns))
|
|
ret->name = xmlNodeListGetString(doc, cur->xmlChildrenNode, 1);
|
|
if ((!strcmp(cur->name, "Email")) && (cur->ns == ns))
|
|
ret->email = xmlNodeListGetString(doc, cur->xmlChildrenNode, 1);
|
|
cur = cur->next;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return(ret);
|
|
}</pre><p>Here are a couple of things to notice:</p><ul>
|
|
<li>Usually a recursive parsing style is the more convenient one: XML data
|
|
is by nature subject to repetitive constructs and usually exhibits highly
|
|
structured patterns.</li>
|
|
<li>The two arguments of type <em>xmlDocPtr</em> and <em>xmlNsPtr</em>,
|
|
i.e. the pointer to the global XML document and the namespace reserved to
|
|
the application. Document wide information are needed for example to
|
|
decode entities and it's a good coding practice to define a namespace for
|
|
your application set of data and test that the element and attributes
|
|
you're analyzing actually pertains to your application space. This is
|
|
done by a simple equality test (cur->ns == ns).</li>
|
|
<li>To retrieve text and attributes value, you can use the function
|
|
<em>xmlNodeListGetString</em> to gather all the text and entity reference
|
|
nodes generated by the DOM output and produce an single text string.</li>
|
|
</ul><p>Here is another piece of code used to parse another level of the
|
|
structure:</p><pre>#include <libxml/tree.h>
|
|
/*
|
|
* a Description for a Job
|
|
*/
|
|
typedef struct job {
|
|
char *projectID;
|
|
char *application;
|
|
char *category;
|
|
personPtr contact;
|
|
int nbDevelopers;
|
|
personPtr developers[100]; /* using dynamic alloc is left as an exercise */
|
|
} job, *jobPtr;
|
|
|
|
/*
|
|
* And the code needed to parse it
|
|
*/
|
|
jobPtr parseJob(xmlDocPtr doc, xmlNsPtr ns, xmlNodePtr cur) {
|
|
jobPtr ret = NULL;
|
|
|
|
DEBUG("parseJob\n");
|
|
/*
|
|
* allocate the struct
|
|
*/
|
|
ret = (jobPtr) malloc(sizeof(job));
|
|
if (ret == NULL) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr,"out of memory\n");
|
|
return(NULL);
|
|
}
|
|
memset(ret, 0, sizeof(job));
|
|
|
|
/* We don't care what the top level element name is */
|
|
cur = cur->xmlChildrenNode;
|
|
while (cur != NULL) {
|
|
|
|
if ((!strcmp(cur->name, "Project")) && (cur->ns == ns)) {
|
|
ret->projectID = xmlGetProp(cur, "ID");
|
|
if (ret->projectID == NULL) {
|
|
fprintf(stderr, "Project has no ID\n");
|
|
}
|
|
}
|
|
if ((!strcmp(cur->name, "Application")) && (cur->ns == ns))
|
|
ret->application = xmlNodeListGetString(doc, cur->xmlChildrenNode, 1);
|
|
if ((!strcmp(cur->name, "Category")) && (cur->ns == ns))
|
|
ret->category = xmlNodeListGetString(doc, cur->xmlChildrenNode, 1);
|
|
if ((!strcmp(cur->name, "Contact")) && (cur->ns == ns))
|
|
ret->contact = parsePerson(doc, ns, cur);
|
|
cur = cur->next;
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
return(ret);
|
|
}</pre><p>Once you are used to it, writing this kind of code is quite simple, but
|
|
boring. Ultimately, it could be possible to write stubbers taking either C
|
|
data structure definitions, a set of XML examples or an XML DTD and produce
|
|
the code needed to import and export the content between C data and XML
|
|
storage. This is left as an exercise to the reader :-)</p><p>Feel free to use <a href="example/gjobread.c">the code for the full C
|
|
parsing example</a> as a template, it is also available with Makefile in the
|
|
Gnome SVN base under libxml2/example</p><p><a href="bugs.html">Daniel Veillard</a></p></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></td></tr></table></body></html>
|